Electrical apparatus



Dec. 26, 1933. c. w, WYMAN ELECTRICAL APPARATUS Filed May '20, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet l WAM; Aww/hw HTT'Y.

Dec. 26, 1933./ f f;t w, WYMAN 1,941,288

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS Filed May 20, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 i7' 7,@ m@ L/ 'fg 4@ Y S w 5J /P 45 4F Aug im.

` Fig. 4, the view being predominantlyoa horizon` Patented Dec. 26, 1933 f Y innata l l Y ,ELEcraIcaLVAPPARA'r-US charles Wyman;

ofk Massachusetts Aplican@ May (infermiin,` Il.; assigner to Sullivan Machin??? l Company corporation My invention relates yto electrical apparatus.'-

and more particularlyr to electrical "controlling apparatus for reversible motors.

An object of my inventiortiA *A trolling apparatus. Anotherobjectof my inven-` tion is to provide improvedstarting, stopping and reversing mechanism for an electric motori #A further object oijmy invention is lto'providean iniprovedstarting, stopping and lreversing mech-` anismior an'electricy motor-in which startingY is` impossible except in predetermined positions of the reverse switch and in which* movement of the reverseswitch is precluded bothpwhencurrent is being'supplied to' the motor and, after the interruption of current supply tofthe `motor from :an external source, while the motor isro-4 tatingat such speed Vthatf'there ismaterial re'- generative current owingin its armature.- Other objects and advantages; of myy invention will hereinafter more fully appear. f f "In the accompanying drawings there is shown for purposes of illustration' one form which this invention mayassume in'practice;` A

Inthese'drawings, Fig. 1 is av horizontalsectional view through a chamber ina mining machine'fra'me infwhich the illustrative embodiment of my improved controlling mechanism is in part arrangedl Fig. 2 is a top view of the samechamber with a coverplatejremoved, o y

Fig. 3 is avertical-'sectional vvievvor'iafEline corresponding tothe 'Fig 4 is aV verticalv section onf'the'flinefi-y-l 0fFig-5. l

tal sectiornf 1 o' Y i `Fig. 6 is a diagram'ofman illustrativeA control system in whichv the invention is embodied. o i

' Referring to the 1drawings,`a`nd particularly to Fig. 6, thedotted line rectangle 1 0 represents a miningmachin'e of thecoalcutterjtype; The dotted rectangle '11' representsal control :mechanism'vvhich is, when the mechnismfto be lcon--v trolled is a miningmachine, preferably arranged in a control "box or the c from the point of operationfof conductors and a pilot Wire'arranged ina cable machine 10'.'V o, i

The mining machine having ra comprises a motor 1 3 v `di'rectionof rotation'of the motorV i`s`con-trolled reverse switch mechanism' generally des- A pilot switch is :illustrated at-17 by a o ignated 16.`

' and a locking mechanism is generally designated 18 and serves, yas `is later explained, to prevent movement othe reversefsvvitch out of its ciricuit` establishing. positions and ic-iholdit Staf is toV provide ooni f v shown at 3'1 `and-serves f andi railR with `the conductorsin the box 1i. y showing the parts therein. i The minins'imachine. 10 has a framefaprv l v tion or" which is shovvnatjil, this frame having e line "3--3 OfFi'g, l.'v

Vwhichthe pil-ot switch 17g-,the reverse switch A 1 Y mand Qperatins means for .these Switches are j Fig. 5 isa section on ythe broken line '5-`5 or like at apoint remotey l the lrmtrzhine-.1y Thev three conductors indicated at 12" are'tfwo-power' o jonejend, at"55 series field 14 and ashunt field-l5. 1 'TL-he` 53. YIn 'the ,position of' tionary while the motor isvrevolving atA a. mate-v rialspeed. y Y y -V o Withinthe control casingll, Whichvis shown in a very simple form in theypresentembodiment, there are arranged a resistor k20,- a'main contacter 21, a resistance cut-out'contacterV 22, overload control mechanism generally designated 23, a vseries relay devicegenerally designated. 24, and-*suitable y controlling devices to effectA auto--` matic connectioiifofjthe motoriltothe line throughtheresistance 20 andsubsequent cuts ting out of the resistance. Thelcontactor :21 is rprovided vvith'ian operating solenoid 25 of the vhalf-voltagetype interlock 26;?v 'The overload protective `device comprisesan overload coil 27, a holdingk coil 28 and carries with' it an a'nd'f'a Vswitch element` 29. AA timexdelayrela'y mechanism -30,'which niay 'advantageouslyv bei of the copper-jacketedvcoil type, controls a switch 31 which is normally open and delays opening of theilattero'suitably after the` current .supply to the coilis interrupted. Theresistance cutfout contacter 22V is "controlled by a solenoid 33; and the series lre'lay: 24 controlsia. pair of.; switches 34 and` 35; the latter being, adapted to introduce a resistance 36 in series with therhalf-voltage `coil 25 previouslymentioned. `Afrnain line switch is to connect ajtrolley T a cover plate 4l enclosing a chamber 42fwithin f housed,V `The, reverseswitch comprises a series,

.contacts 45 are carried a generally circular ambottom-member 47 and a side wall lforming member 48, anencl-osureffor the contact members, 44 and 4 5', ,Aflange 49 maintains the blockfj46 in position.` l

The. rotatable blackv peripherywith .a seriesfof teeth'51fwith 'which vengagesfa pinion 52 carried 'upon a longitudi-r "nallyV extending` and slidable shaft Y53.-

be observed that.,

y the 'shaftA 53 is supported'lnear I in the Wallof thechamber 42, `and that it `isprovidednear its'lo'ther'erid. with Spring pressedrm the shaft53gnorma1lyin aA position in v'which the-pinion 52 and the teeth 51flie' Yin common planes at right'fangles toithve'axis of the shaft therarts Shown'in Fig.- the Dnservss t$011.01@ ihshet 53. irl'the'mf n Y 594 is Iadaptedto cooperate with the .groove'i'n the portion -56- to"maintain of' arcuate moving cont/acts 45.. The movable :plooi: 46 of insulating materialwhich'formawith itl wm aigroved enlargement 56 adjacentthe pinion these are opposite the pinion 52 the latter mayv be moved into a position materially nearer the plate 47 than is possible in any other positions of the reverse switch mechanism. It will be observed that the block 46 is provided with a shoulder 62 which prevents movement of the pinion 52 into the position shown in Fig. 5 except when one or the other of the recesses 61 is opposite the end of the shaft 53.

The contact carrying member 46 is journaled upon a boss 64 and is resiliently pressed toward the bottom member 47 of the contact enclosing chamber by a spring 65. 'Mounted for sliding movement upon the frame 58, but insulated therefrom, is a pilot switch member 67 adapted to establish a circuit between stationary contacts 68 and 69. The rod 53 carries a collar 70 which is adapted to engage a plunger 71 and move it against the force of a spring 72 to move the pilot switch member 67 to closed position.

To lock the reverse switch in its different positions a solenoid 75 is arranged to-move alocking pin 76 into one or the other of a pair of recesses 77 (of which but one is shown) in the outer face of the contact block 46. The shaft 53 is provided with a hand wheel 78 which is provided with a shoulder 79 arranged to cooperate with a stationary projection 80 to prevent the moving of the handle 78 and the shaft 53 inwardly except in appropriate positions. These positions are determinedby a flange 8l and by a recess 82 adapted to receive the stop member 80 on longitudinal movement of the shaft 53. A similar shoulder and recess is provided at the other end of the surface 79 but is invisible in the drawings.

, With the foregoing explanation of the construction and arrangement of the parts, the mode ofoperation of the improved controlling apparatus will be readily understood. The pilot switch 67 is open except when running of the motor is desired, and the reverse switch, in its neutral position, is so disposed that the recesses 61 are equi-distant from the pinion 52. v Upon closure of the main lineswitch 37 a circuit will be established from the trolley line T, through the main line switch, through a conductor 83, a second conductor 84, the normally closed switch 26 and the time delay relay coil 30 to a conductor 85, the other pole of the main line switch 37 and the rail R. Accordingly, the switch 3l will be closed, the coil 33 energized, contactor 22 moved to open position, and flow of current to the motor upon closure of ontactor 21 made impossible save through the resistor` 20. No further operations in the box 11 will take place until closure of the pilot switch 67.

'Ihe machine runner having elected to start the motor will turn the reverse switch to one of its appropriate running positions by rotating the handle 78 until one end of the flange 81 comes up against the stop 80. Rotation of this handle from its off position rotates the shaft 53 and pinion 52 which, through engagement with the teeth 51, rotate the contact carrying block 46 to one of the running positions. When a running position is reached, one or the other of the recesses 61 will be opposite the pinion 52 and longitudinal movement of the handle 78 inwardly, which will be permitted by the fact that a recess 82 is opposite the stop member 80 and that a recess 61 is in position to receive the pinion 52, will result in the collar 70 moving the plunger 71 in such manner as to close the resiliently mounted pilot switch 67. When this occurs, a circuit will be established through the holding coil 28 immediately, but no movement of the switch member 29 will be occasioned as the coil 28 has strength only to serve as a holding and not as a moving' coil. .A circuit will also be established from the trolley T through conductor 83, conductor 84, normally closed overload switch 29, solenoid 25, wire 87, switch 34, pilot wire 88,

pilot switch 67, and conductor 85 back to the track,R, and the main line contactor 2l will therefore close, putting the motor on the line through the conductor 83, coil 27 of the overload protective device, contacter 21, resistor 20,

series relaycoil 24, conductor 89 in the cable l2 and back through the conductor 85 to the rail.

The interlock 26 is opened when the contactor 2l closes, and this results in deenergization of the time delay relay coil 30, and as soon as the current has died out in this coil, which requires .n a little time in view of its arrangement, the switch 31 will'drop open, thereby deenergizing solenoid o 33 and permitting the contactor 22 to move to closed position, shunting the resistor 20. The

motor will then be directly on the line. Energization of the series relay coil 24 moves switch 34 toopen position and closes switch 35, which places the resistance 36 in series with the coil 25 thereby cutting down the current consumed in maintaining the contactor 21 closed. It will be-evident, since the coil 75 is connected across f the motor armature, that immediately upon the supply of current to the motor the locking pin 76 was moved into one of the recesses 77 and the reverse switch is held positively against movement outof the position to which it Was brought prior to the closure of the pilot switch.

The stopping of the motor isv effected by opening the pilot switch 67 which breaks the circuit through the solenoid 25 allowing the contactor i 2l to open; and the parts in the box 11 then return to the position which they occupied prior to the closure of the pilot switch. However, the shaft 53 cannot be rotated until the motor has slowed down to a small fraction of its normal running-speed, as the coil 75 connected across the armature is energized by the armature current until the motor speed is largely lost.

From the foregoing description it will be evident that I have provided herein an improved electric controlling system and an improved electric controlling mechanism in which a single handle or other manually operated element may be used both to position a reverse switch and to ellect the closure of a pilot switch, that these e. operations are effected by generically diiferent movements of the operating elements, that the pilot switch can only be closed in one of the on positions of the reverse switch and that the reverse switch cannot be moved from one of l its on positions while the pilot switch is closed or, even after the pilot switch has been opened, l while the motor is running at substantial speed. It will further be evident that the parts are not complicated, that the reverse switch is wholly prevented from injury due to the burning of its i contacteer the like, since it is maintained' im; movable throughout the period when'substantial4 currentsy are fiowingin the motor, and that all.` the partsv are of substantial. andV` durable construction. While there is in this applicaticm specically described one iorm` which the invention may asi--V sume in practice, `it willbe' understood that this form of the same is shown for purposes oiillustration and that the invention may be modified and embodiedin-various other forms without de@ pended claims."

V`What I claim as new and-desire to 'secure by Letters Patent is: i

" 1. In combination, a motor, a controlling device therefor,` reversing mechanism f or 'controlling direction of rotation of said motor, a single opern ating element for directly actuatingthe controlling deviceand the reversing mechanism and' having connections with said controlling device Yand "reversing `mechanism whereby" either mayibe moved while the otherfremainsstationary, and

A`means for preventing movement of the revers-1` ingmechanism until the motor has come substantiallytoa standstill.v

2. In a motor controlling apparatusof .the-type in which means for predetermining the direction ofmotor rotation and means for-establishing and "f interrupting current supply to .a motor are both provided, amotor reversing mechanism'movable to predetermine the 'direction of motor rotation, a1 motor controlling jdevicei whose position ,determines whetheror not'cu'rrent supply tothe motor occurs," and controllingv means'for saidy reversing mechanism andj controlling device-including a vsingle initial operating-member' mounted for two generically vdiiierentytypes of operating move- 'l ments, and means for operatively connecting` said mernberfwith said `reversing mechanismfand said motor controlling'deviceoperative on but one'of said generically diierent movements of said member 'to'A move thereversing mechanism *to a running position, andoperativeon movement of said member directly fromitsposition' at the end of said rst mentioned movement and solely bythe other generically different movement of' lsaid member to effect control of saidcontr'olling device to start' the motor. f i 1 1 3. In 'a motory controllingl apparatus of Vthe type in which meansffor 'predetermining the "di- 'rection of motor rotation and means for establishiri'g and interruptingl current supply toa motor 'are both provided, a motor reversing mechanism movable -to determinethe directionvofv motor rok tation, amotor controlling device whose 'position determines whether ror not current supply to-'the 'motor occurs, controlling means forsaid reversing mechanism and controllingcdevice including a single operating member mounted for a plurality or generically diierent movements and means for operatively connecting the same with said' reversing mechanism and said motor controlling device operative upon-one of said generically different' movements to movethe reversing mechanism and upon a generically'diierent one ofsaid move- Aments toeifecty control'of the controllingdevice, and "means for preventing the second predeterminedV movementl exceptgwhen said *reversing mechanism is in al circuitestablishing position. f

4.1 In a motor controllingapparatus of thetype in which means for predetermining the direction of motor rotation and means underpilot control for supplying current `to the motor initially vthrough a resistance and subsequently with the parting from its spiritorthe scope ofthe 'ap-f resistanceA',cut` outfare both provided.. a lreverse switch, rmeans including a pilot switch and controlled. bysaid switch for supplying current toa motor initially through a resistance and subsequently without the resistance', and means operative on rotation thereof to move the reverse switch rand on r longitudinal. movement thereof substantiallyin the directionin lwhich the axis of its.' rotation extends` to mcvethe pilot switch. v 5. In combination, an electric motor, a reversving switch therefor, controlling mechanismfor the motor for supplying. current .thereto initially resistancecut out, including a pilot switch, a con- .,trollingmember mounted for rotative movement and for longitudinal movement, operative connections between saidl member and said reverse and` pilot switches whereby on one ,of said move- `ments ,movement of Yone. of said. switches is' ef- Aiected and. on theother. of vsaidlmovements movementor` the other'of said switches'is effected, and

meansfor preventing movement to effect operationr of` the reverse switch, after movement to ef-A fect operation ofthe pilotswitchhas been effected,

until the motorr is substantially at a standstill.

' f7." In combination, a motor, a controlling' device therefor, a reversing mechanism therefor, an operating. element operative upon predetermined movementv in certain planesito move said yreversing mechanism land upon different predetermined movement in other planes angularly related to the planes of movement during reversing mechanism movement, to eiiect control of theA controlling device,*and'means for preventing movement ofsaid j element to move the reversing switch, subsequent' to movement thereof to effect control of the con-A trolling device,`if the motor is operating above a predetermined speed. i

v18'. In combination, an electric motor, a source off power, a resistance controlling apparatus Yfor n said motor for connecting thesame tothe source of power and for'interrupting power supply including jmeans for connecting the motor tothe.

sourceof powerthrough theres'istance and auto- `matica1ly cutting out such resistance, 'a reverse switchffor controllingdirection of rotationV of' said motor, a control circuitfor controlling said controlling apparatus and rincluding a pilot switch, means vfor operating saidpilot andi ref verseswitches operative mechanically to preclude closure of the pilot switchuntil after predetermined. movement of the lreverse switch, and i meansior maintaining' said reversefswitch in the position'to which itis brought by said. pre- 1.5.

Vdetermined movement 4while theA motor isv .rotatingat a predetermined speed but permitting -movement oifthe pilot switch, while said reverse switch remains stationary, lto effect control of rthe. controlling apparatus.

In an electric motor system,-afsource of power, ,aresistance a motor lhaving'an, armature, controlling apparatus for connecting the same toithersource of power and for :interrupting power supply including means for connect- 1 ing said motor across the line through the resistance and automatically cutting out the resistance, a pilot circuit for setting the automatic apparatus into operation and provided with a pilot switch, a manually operable reverse switch for controlling the direction of rotation of the motor, common .operating means for the pilot and reverse switches, interlocking mechanism allowing movement of the pilot switch in either direction between open and closed positions when said reverse switch is stationary in one of its on positions but not otherwise, and preventing movement of said reverse switch while the motor is rotating at a substantialspeed, an electromagnet ,for controlling the movements of the reverse switch when energized, and a circuit for energizing said electro-magnet by current Ilow through the armature.

.10. In combination, a motor, a controlling device therefor, reversing mechanism for vcontrolling direction of rotation of said motor, means movable with said reversing mechanism for mechanically governing the operation ofsaid controlling device, said means remaining stationary during actual movement ofsaid controlling device, and means for preventing movement of said reversing mechanism until the motor has come substantially to a standstill.

11. In combination, in a motor controlling apparatus, a controlling device for a `motorfor controlling starting thereof, reversing mechanism for establishing different circuit vconnections to predetermine the direction of motor rotation, said .reversing mechanism having a neutral position,

and a single initial operating element for said reversing mechanism and for said controlling device having an off position corresponding to the neutral position of the reversing mechanism and to the position of said controlling device when the motor is not running, said operating element'being movable selectively in opposite directionsfrom its ol position to effect motor rotation in opposite directions, each of said opposite motions being of a single generic type, and said operating element being movable directly from its position at the end of either of said direction-predetermining movements by a movement of a single generic type to effect control of the motor controlling device to start the motor, said last mentioned movement of said operating element being the same irrespective of the direction of motor rotation previously predetermined.

12. In combination, in a motor controlling apparatus, a controlling device for a motor for controlling starting thereof, reversing mechanism for establishing different circuit connections to predetermine the direction of motor rotation, said reversing mechanism having a neutral position, and a single initial operating element for said reversing'mechanism and for said controlling device having an off position corresponding to the neutral position of the revers- .ing mechanism and Ato the position of said controlling device when the motor is not running, said operating element being movable selectively in opposite directions from its off position to effect motor rotation in opposite directions, each of said opposite motions being of a single generic type, and said operating element being movable directly from its position at the end of either of said direction-predetermining movements by a movement of a different single generic type to effect control of the motor controlling device to start the motor, said last mentioned movement of said operating element being the same irrespective of the direction of motor rotation previously predetermined.

13. In combination, a motor, a controlling device therefor controlling starting thereof, reversing mechanism for controlling direction of rotation of the motor, a single operating element movable in opposite directions from a neutral position to 'effect rotation of the motor in opposite directions and, irrespective of the direction of motor rotation, having the same motion to effect control of the motor controlling device to start the motor, and means for preventing such last mentioned motion except when said element has been moved from its neutral position to one of its positions for determining the direction oi.' motor rotation.

14.In combination, a motor, a controlling device therefor, a reversing mechanism therefor, an operating element operative upon predetermined movement to move said reversing mechanism and upon a different predetermined movement to effect conrol of `such controlling device, and means Yfor mechanically obstructing the second predetermined movement except when said reversing mechanism is in its circuit establishing position.

15. Ina motor controlling apparatus of the type in which means `for predetermining the direction of motor rotation and means for establishing and interrupting current supply to a motor are boh provided, a motor reversing mechanism movable to determine the direction of motor rotation, a motor controlling device whose position determines whether or not current supply to the motor occurs, and controlling means for said reversing mechanism and controlling device including a single operating member mounted for a plurality of generically different movements, means for operatively connecting the same with said reversing mechanism and said motor controlling device operative upon one of said generically different movements to move the reversing mechanism and upon a generically different one of said movements to effect control of the controlling device, and means for locking said reverseV switch in either operative position to which it is moved, brought into locking relation with respect thereto only when said last mentioned movement has occurred.

16. In a motor controlling apparatus of the type in which means for predetermining the direction of motor rotation and means for establishing and interrupting current supply to a motor are both provided, a motor reversing mechanism movable to determine the direction of motor rotation, a motor, controlling device whose position determines whether or not current supply to the motor. occurs, and controlling means for said lreversing mechanism and controlling device including a vsingle operaing member mounted for a plurality of generically different movements, and means for operatively connecting the same with said reversing mechanism and said motor controlling device operative uponone of said generically different movements to move the reversingmechanism and upon a generically different one of said movemens to eiect control of the controlling device, said lastJ mentioned movement being an axial movement of said operating member'.

CHARLES W. WYMAN. 

